Injector, splitter or midspan
An injector adds power to a data link so a single cable can feed a device that has no socket near it. A splitter does the reverse at the far end, separating power back out for equipment that takes data and power on separate inputs. A midspan is a multi-port injector sitting between a non-PoE switch and several powered devices — the usual way to add PoE to an existing switch without replacing it.
The standard decides the wattage, and getting it wrong is quiet
802.3af delivers about 15 W at the port, 802.3at (PoE+) about 30 W, and 802.3bt (PoE++) 60 W or 90 W depending on type. Modern Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 access points, PTZ cameras and larger displays commonly want at or bt. Given only af they usually still power up, then run with a radio disabled, a slower uplink or a dead secondary port — a fault that reads as a configuration problem rather than a power one. Check the device's requirement before choosing the injector.
Passive PoE is not the same thing and will not negotiate
Several units here are passive 24 V or 48 V injectors, sold for Ubiquiti, MikroTik and some TP-Link hardware. Passive PoE applies voltage continuously with no handshake. A standards-compliant device negotiates before power flows; a passive injector does not ask. Connecting passive PoE to equipment expecting 802.3af/at can damage it. Match the injector to the manufacturer's own specification and do not substitute passive for standards-based.
Check what the data path supports
An injector limits the link to its own rated speed. A Gigabit injector in the path of a 2.5G or 10G access point caps the uplink at 1 Gbps regardless of what either end can do. This range includes Fast Ethernet, Gigabit, 2.5G and 10G injectors, and the 10G units exist precisely because the cheaper ones became the bottleneck.
Outdoor and industrial installations
Industrial-rated injectors — PLANET's IPOE range, EXSYS units specified to -40°C to +80°C — are built for cabinets, plant rooms and unheated outbuildings where a desktop injector will not survive a winter. If the injector sits outside the conditioned space, specify for the temperature range rather than the wattage alone.
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